TV & SAT TV
Puţină teorie
Impartirea pe frecvente a canalelor TV (PAL BG/DK)
Tabelarea canalelor. În România este folosit sistemul PAL cu norma TV D/K şi numerotarea continuă (după S8 vine S9). Am prezentat, de asemenea, şi sistemul PAL cu normă B/G folosit mai ales în ţările din Europa de vest. În acest caz, - în unele dintre ţări - există un salt de numerotare între S8 şi S11.
Este o informaţie importantă pentru instalatorii care ar putea fi surprinşi de această neconcordanţă, atunci când programează, spre exemplu, canale de ieşire ale dispozitivelor de modulare. Un sfat - este mult mai convenabil a măsura şi compara frecvenţe decât a număra canale. Mai jos, vă prezentăm tabele care conţin informaţii cu privire la benzile, frecvenţele, precum şi canalele utilizate în ţările europene.
Denumire bandă | Frecvenţe [MHz] | Canale | Lăţime canal | Frecvenţe [MHz] | Canale | Lăţime canal |
| D/K | B/G | |||||
| FM | 87.5-108.0 | UKF–FM | 20.5 | 87.5-108.0 | FM | 20.5 |
| Canale speciale (frecvenţe joase) | 110-174 | S01-S08 | 8 | 111-174 | S02-S10 | 7 |
| FIF - VHF - III | 174-230 | K06-K12 | 8 | 174-230 | CH05-CH12 | 7 |
| Canale speciale (frecvenţe înalte) | 230-302 | S09-S17 | 8 | 230-300 | S11-S20 | 7 |
| Canale speciale (hiperbandă) | 302-470 | S18-S38 | 8 | 302-446 | S21-S38 | 8 |
| UIF - UHF - IV | 470-606 | K21-K37 | 8 | 470-606 | CH21-CH37 | 8 |
| UIF - UHF - V | 606-862 | K38-K69 | 8 | 606-862 | CH38-CH69 | 8 |
Atenţie: Ăn tabelul următor, banda BIII are grila de canale identică cu cea din standardul B/G (lăţime canal de 7 MHz), adaptată pentru radio DAB şi DVB-T.
| D/K (CCIR) | |||||
| Banda | Canal | Banda [MHz] | Center frequency [MHz] | Purtătoare video[MHz] | Purtătoare sunet [MHz] |
| Return channel (data) | - | 4-30 | - | - | - |
| - | 5-65 | - | - | - | |
| Return channel (TV) | R1 | 14.75-21.75 | - | - | - |
| R2 | 21.75-28.75 | - | - | - | |
| BI | C1 | 48.50 - 56.50 | 52.50 | 49.75 | 56.25 |
| C2 | 58.00 - 66.00 | 62.00 | 59.25 | 65.75 | |
| C3 | 76.00 - 84.00 | 80.00 | 77.25 | 83.75 | |
| BII / FM | - | 87.5-108 | - | - | - |
| Cable band I | S1 | 110.00 - 118.00 | 114.00 | 111.25 | 117.25 |
| S2 | 118.00 - 126.00 | 122.00 | 119.25 | 125.75 | |
| S3 | 126.00 - 134.00 | 130.00 | 127.25 | 133.75 | |
| S4 | 134.00 - 142.00 | 138.00 | 135.25 | 141.75 | |
| S5 | 142.00 - 150.00 | 146.00 | 143.25 | 149.75 | |
| S6 | 150.00 - 158.00 | 154.00 | 151.25 | 157.75 | |
| S7 | 158.00 - 166.00 | 162.00 | 159.25 | 165.75 | |
| S8 | 166.00 - 174.00 | 170.00 | 167.25 | 173.75 | |
| BIII TV/DAB | E5 | 174.00 - 181.00 | 177.50 | 172.25 | 180.75 |
| E6 | 181.00 - 188.00 | 184.50 | 182.25 | 187.75 | |
| E7 | 188.00 - 195.00 | 191.50 | 189.25 | 194.75 | |
| E8 | 195.00 - 202.00 | 198.50 | 196.25 | 201.75 | |
| E9 | 202.00 - 209.00 | 205.50 | 203.25 | 208.75 | |
| E10 | 209.00 - 216.00 | 212.50 | 210.25 | 215.75 | |
| E11 | 216.00 - 223.00 | 219.50 | 217.25 | 222.75 | |
| E12 | 223.00 - 230.00 | 226.50 | 224.25 | 229.75 | |
| Cable band II | S9 | 230.00 - 238.00 | 234.00 | 231.25 | 237.75 |
| S10 | 238.00 - 246.00 | 242.00 | 239.25 | 245.75 | |
| S11 | 246.00 - 254.00 | 250.00 | 247.25 | 253.75 | |
| S12 | 254.00 - 262.00 | 258.00 | 255.25 | 261.75 | |
| S13 | 262.00 - 270.00 | 266.00 | 263.25 | 269.75 | |
| S14 | 270.00 - 278.00 | 274.00 | 271.25 | 277.75 | |
| S15 | 278.00 - 286.00 | 282.00 | 279.25 | 285.75 | |
| S16 | 286.00-294.00 | 290.00 | 287.25 | 293.75 | |
| S17 | 294.00 - 302.00 | 298.00 | 295.25 | 301.75 | |
| S18 | 302.00 - 310.00 | 306.00 | 303.25 | 309.75 | |
| S19 | 310.00 - 318.00 | 314.00 | 311.25 | 317.75 | |
| S20 | 318.00 - 326.00 | 322.00 | 319.25 | 325.75 | |
| S21 | 326.00 - 334.00 | 326.00 | 327.25 | 333.75 | |
| S22 | 334.00 - 342.00 | 338.00 | 335.25 | 341.75 | |
| S23 | 342.00 - 350.00 | 346.00 | 343.25 | 349.75 | |
| S24 | 350.00 - 358.00 | 354.00 | 351.25 | 357.75 | |
| S25 | 358.00 - 366.00 | 362.00 | 359.25 | 365.75 | |
| S26 | 366.00 - 374.00 | 370.00 | 367.25 | 373.75 | |
| S27 | 374.00 - 382.00 | 378.00 | 375.25 | 381.75 | |
| S28 | 382.00 - 390.00 | 386.00 | 383.25 | 389.75 | |
| S29 | 390.00 - 398.00 | 394.00 | 391.25 | 397.75 | |
| S30 | 398.00 - 406.00 | 402.00 | 399.25 | 405.75 | |
| S31 | 406.00 - 414.00 | 410.00 | 407.25 | 413.75 | |
| S32 | 414.00 - 422.00 | 418.00 | 415.25 | 421.75 | |
| S33 | 422.00 - 430.00 | 426.00 | 423.25 | 429.75 | |
| S34 | 430.00 - 438.00 | 434.00 | 431.25 | 437.75 | |
| S35 | 438.00 - 446.00 | 442.00 | 439.25 | 445.75 | |
| S36 | 446.00 - 454.00 | 450.00 | 447.25 | 453.75 | |
| S37 | 454.00 - 462.00 | 458.00 | 455.25 | 461.75 | |
| S38 | 462.00 - 470.00 | 466.00 | 463.25 | 469.75 | |
| DVB-T | Analog TV | ||||
| BIV | C21 | 470.00 - 478.00 | 474.00 | 471.25 | 477.75 |
| C22 | 478.00 - 486.00 | 482.00 | 479.25 | 485.75 | |
| C23 | 486.00 - 494.00 | 490.00 | 487.25 | 493.75 | |
| C24 | 494.00 - 502.00 | 498.00 | 495.25 | 501.75 | |
| C25 | 502.00 - 510.00 | 506.00 | 503.25 | 509.75 | |
| C26 | 510.00 - 518.00 | 514.00 | 511.25 | 517.75 | |
| C27 | 518.00 - 526.00 | 522.00 | 519.25 | 525.75 | |
| C28 | 526.00 - 534.00 | 530.00 | 527.25 | 533.75 | |
| C29 | 534.00 - 542.00 | 538.00 | 535.25 | 541.75 | |
| C30 | 542.00 - 550.00 | 546.00 | 543.25 | 549.75 | |
| C31 | 550.00 - 558.00 | 554.00 | 551.25 | 557.75 | |
| C32 | 558.00 - 566.00 | 562.00 | 559.25 | 565.75 | |
| C33 | 566.00 - 574.00 | 570.00 | 567.25 | 573.75 | |
| C34 | 574.00 - 582.00 | 578.00 | 575.25 | 581.75 | |
| C35 | 582.00 - 590.00 | 586.00 | 583.25 | 589.75 | |
| C36 | 590.00 - 598.00 | 594.00 | 591.25 | 597.75 | |
| C37 | 598.00 - 606.00 | 602.00 | 599.25 | 605.75 | |
| C38 | 606.00 - 614.00 | 610.00 | 607.25 | 613.75 | |
| C39 | 614.00 - 622.00 | 618.00 | 615.25 | 621.75 | |
| BV | C40 | 622.00 - 630.00 | 626.00 | 623.25 | 629.75 |
| C41 | 630.00 - 638.00 | 634.00 | 631.25 | 637.75 | |
| C42 | 638.00 - 646.00 | 642.00 | 639.25 | 645.75 | |
| C43 | 646.00 - 654.00 | 650.00 | 647.25 | 653.75 | |
| C44 | 654.00 - 662.00 | 658.00 | 655.25 | 661.75 | |
| C45 | 662.00 - 670.00 | 666.00 | 663.25 | 669.75 | |
| C46 | 670.00 - 678.00 | 674.00 | 671.25 | 677.75 | |
| C47 | 678.00 - 686.00 | 682.00 | 679.25 | 685.75 | |
| C48 | 686.00 - 694.00 | 690.00 | 687.25 | 693.75 | |
| C49 | 694.00 - 702.00 | 698.00 | 695.25 | 701.75 | |
| C50 | 702.00 - 710.00 | 706.00 | 703.25 | 709.75 | |
| C51 | 710.00 - 718.00 | 714.00 | 711.25 | 717.75 | |
| C52 | 718.00 - 726.00 | 722.00 | 719.25 | 725.75 | |
| C53 | 726.00 - 734.00 | 730.00 | 727.25 | 733.75 | |
| C54 | 734.00 - 742.00 | 738.00 | 735.25 | 741.75 | |
| C55 | 742.00 - 750.00 | 746.00 | 743.25 | 749.75 | |
| C56 | 750.00 - 758.00 | 754.00 | 751.25 | 757.75 | |
| C57 | 758.00 - 766.00 | 762.00 | 759.25 | 765.75 | |
| C58 | 766.00 - 774.00 | 770.00 | 767.25 | 773.75 | |
| C59 | 774.00 - 782.00 | 778.00 | 775.25 | 781.75 | |
| C60 | 782.00 - 790.00 | 786.00 | 783.25 | 789.75 | |
| C61 | 790.00 - 798.00 | 794.00 | 791.25 | 797.75 | |
| C62 | 798.00 - 806.00 | 802.00 | 799.25 | 805.75 | |
| C63 | 806.00 - 814.00 | 810.00 | 807.25 | 813.75 | |
| C64 | 814.00 - 822.00 | 818.00 | 815.25 | 821.75 | |
| C65 | 822.00 - 830.00 | 826.00 | 823.25 | 829.75 | |
| C66 | 830.00 - 838.00 | 834.00 | 831.25 | 837.75 | |
| C67 | 838.00 - 846.00 | 842.00 | 839.25 | 845.75 | |
| C68 | 846.00 - 854.00 | 850.00 | 847.25 | 853.73 | |
| C69 | 854.00 - 862.00 | 858.00 | 855.25 | 861.75 | |
| Banda | Canal | Frecvenţe [MHz] | Frecvenţa purtătoarei (Video) [MHz] | Frecvenţa purtătoarei (Audio) [MHz] |
| I | 1 | 48,5-56,5 | 49,75 | 56,25 |
| 2 | 58-66 | 59,25 | 65,75 | |
| II | 3 | 76-84 | 77,25 | 83,75 |
| 4 | 84-92 | 85,25 | 91,75 | |
| 5 | 92-100 | 93,25 | 99,75 | |
| Canale speciale 1 | S1 | 110-118 | 111,25 | 117,75 |
| S2 | 118-126 | 119,25 | 125,75 | |
| S3 | 126-134 | 127,25 | 133,75 | |
| S4 | 134-142 | 135,25 | 141,75 | |
| S5 | 142-150 | 143,25 | 149,75 | |
| S6 | 150-158 | 151,25 | 157,75 | |
| S7 | 158-166 | 159,25 | 165,75 | |
| S8 | 166-174 | 167,25 | 173,75 | |
| VHF III | 6 | 174-182 | 175,25 | 181,75 |
| 7 | 182-190 | 183,25 | 189,75 | |
| 8 | 190-198 | 191,25 | 197,75 | |
| 9 | 198-206 | 199,25 | 205,75 | |
| 10 | 206-214 | 207,25 | 213,75 | |
| 11 | 214-222 | 215,25 | 221,75 | |
| 12 | 222-230 | 223,25 | 229,75 |
| Canale speciale 2 şi 3 | S9 | 230-238 | 231,25 | 237,75 |
| S10 | 238-246 | 239,25 | 245,75 | |
| S11 | 246-254 | 247,25 | 253,75 | |
| S12 | 254-262 | 255,25 | 261,75 | |
| S13 | 262-270 | 263,25 | 269,75 | |
| S14 | 270-278 | 271,25 | 277,75 | |
| S15 | 278-286 | 279,25 | 285,75 | |
| S16 | 286-294 | 287,25 | 293,75 | |
| S17 | 294-302 | 295,25 | 301,75 | |
| S18 | 302-310 | 303,25 | 309,75 | |
| S19 | 310-318 | 311,25 | 317,75 | |
| S20 | 318-326 | 319,25 | 325,75 | |
| S21 | 326-334 | 327,25 | 333,75 | |
| S22 | 334-342 | 335,25 | 341,75 | |
| S23 | 342-350 | 343,25 | 349,75 | |
| S24 | 350-358 | 351,25 | 357,75 | |
| S25 | 358-366 | 359,25 | 365,75 | |
| S26 | 366-374 | 367,25 | 373,75 | |
| S27 | 374-382 | 375,25 | 381,75 | |
| S28 | 382-390 | 383,25 | 389,75 | |
| S29 | 390-398 | 391,25 | 379,75 | |
| S30 | 398-406 | 399,25 | 405,75 | |
| S31 | 406-414 | 407,25 | 413,75 | |
| S32 | 414-422 | 415,25 | 421,75 | |
| S33 | 422-430 | 423,25 | 429,75 | |
| S34 | 430-438 | 431,25 | 437,75 | |
| S35 | 438-446 | 439,25 | 445,75 | |
| S36 | 446-454 | 447,25 | 453,75 | |
| S37 | 454-462 | 455,25 | 461,75 | |
| S38 | 462-470 | 463,25 | 469,75 |
| UIF - UHF - IV | 21 | 470-478 | 471,25 | 477,75 |
| 22 | 478-486 | 479,25 | 485,75 | |
| 23 | 486-494 | 487,25 | 493,75 | |
| 24 | 494-502 | 495,25 | 501,75 | |
| 25 | 502-510 | 503,25 | 509,75 | |
| 26 | 510-518 | 511,25 | 517,75 | |
| 27 | 518-526 | 519,25 | 525,75 | |
| 28 | 526-534 | 527,25 | 533,75 | |
| 29 | 534-542 | 535,25 | 541,75 | |
| 30 | 542-550 | 543,25 | 549,75 | |
| 31 | 550-558 | 551,25 | 557,75 | |
| 32 | 558-566 | 559,25 | 565,75 | |
| 33 | 566-574 | 567,25 | 573,75 | |
| 34 | 574-582 | 575,25 | 581,75 | |
| 35 | 582-590 | 583,25 | 589,75 | |
| 36 | 590-589 | 591,25 | 597,75 | |
| 37 | 589-606 | 599,25 | 605,75 |
| UIF - UHF - V | 38 | 606-614 | 607,25 | 613,75 |
| 39 | 614-622 | 615,25 | 621,75 | |
| 40 | 622-630 | 623,25 | 629,75 | |
| 41 | 630-638 | 631,25 | 637,75 | |
| 42 | 638-646 | 639,25 | 645,75 | |
| 43 | 646-654 | 647,25 | 653,75 | |
| 44 | 654-662 | 655,25 | 661,75 | |
| 45 | 662-670 | 663,25 | 669,75 | |
| 46 | 670-678 | 671,25 | 677,75 | |
| 47 | 678-686 | 679,25 | 685,75 | |
| 48 | 686-694 | 687,25 | 693,75 | |
| 49 | 694-702 | 695,25 | 701,75 | |
| 50 | 702-710 | 703,25 | 709,75 | |
| 51 | 710-718 | 711,25 | 717,75 | |
| 52 | 718-726 | 719,25 | 725,75 | |
| 53 | 726-734 | 727,25 | 733,75 | |
| 54 | 734-742 | 735,25 | 741,75 | |
| 55 | 742-750 | 743,25 | 749,75 | |
| 56 | 750-758 | 751,25 | 757,75 | |
| 57 | 758-766 | 759,25 | 765,75 | |
| 58 | 766-774 | 767,25 | 773,75 | |
| 59 | 774-782 | 775,25 | 781,75 | |
| 60 | 782-790 | 783,25 | 789,75 | |
| 61 | 790-798 | 791,25 | 797,75 | |
| 62 | 798-806 | 799,25 | 806,75 | |
| 63 | 806-814 | 807,25 | 713,75 | |
| 64 | 814-822 | 815,25 | 821,75 | |
| 65 | 822-830 | 823,25 | 829,75 | |
| 66 | 830-838 | 831,25 | 837,75 | |
| 67 | 838-846 | 839,25 | 845,75 | |
| 68 | 846-854 | 847,25 | 853,75 | |
| 69 | 854-862 | 855,25 | 861,75 |
BIBLIOTECA
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